Airline Deregulation - 1054 Words

On October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop in prices and an increase in routes, there has also been a remarkable increase in airline service and safety. Airline deregulation should be seen as the crowning jewel of a federal de-regulatory emphasis. Prices are down: Airline†¦show more content†¦But the legislation winding its way through the legislative maze that is Congress does anything but move towards increased privatization. S. 1331, sponsored by Senator John McCain (R-AZ), would make it more difficult for large carriers to offer low fares. The justification for this action it to make entry into the market easier, and therefore increase competitiveness within the industry. But while this may enable small airlines to enter markets, it essentially creates an affirmative-action program for corporations that are inefficient by reserving runway space for these airlines. The only good language in the Senate bill is that which would eliminate perimeter restrictions on Washingtons Ronald Reagan Airport. This would kill the rule that prevents flights to and from National from more than 1250 miles away. While this may just be a measure so that Congressmen wont have to drive to the out-of-town Dulles Airport in Virginia, it is a good precedent to set for other airports and the elimination of market restrictions. The House has a companion bill, H.R. 2748, which does not go as far as the Senate bill in its regulatory language. But Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-GA) has predicted that Congress will pass some airline bill this term. A senior aide for a Republican on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee said, I dont know if the two sides will come together this year. So the legislative status of theShow MoreRelated Airline Deregulation Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pages24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up. Expected Results The results of airline deregulation speak for themselves. Since the government got out of the airline business, not only has there been a drop in pricesRead MoreAirline Deregulation1587 Words   |  7 Pages Airline Deregulation act of 1978 Aston A Samms Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic turning point in America. It was the first systematic dismantling of a comprehensive system of government control since the Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act unconstitutional in 1935. It was also part of a broader movement that, with varying degrees of thoroughness, transformed such industries as trucking, railroads, busesRead MoreThe Deregulation Act Of The Airlines846 Words   |  4 Pagescorroboration that the real cost has not declined after the act does not relate to airlines profit. Steven A. Morrison, the chair of the Department of Economics at Northeastern University, discusses the deregulation affects in his article. Although he evaluates deregulation to be good for the consumers, he argues that the deregulation act has been detrimental to the airlines despite the increase in load factors. Deregulation has created ever-increasing competition that even after mergers, increased efficiencyRead Mor eThe Deregulation Of The Airline Industry1037 Words   |  5 Pagesput all commercial airlines under the Railway Labor Act. Since then, there was a period of 42 years under economic regulation where the government oversaw labor relations. Since deregulation, the goals of collective bargaining have not changed much, nor have the objectives of management and labor unions. (Wensveen, 2011, p. 422) The deregulation of the airline industry may have been a win for passengers, but most likely not a win for labor groups. Prior to deregulation the airline industry was highlyRead MoreDeregulation of the Airline Industry1754 Words   |  8 PagesDeregulation of the Airline Industry The airline industry has been subject of intense price competition since it was deregulated, and the result has been a number of new carriers which specialize in regional service and no-frills operations. These carriers typically purchase older aircraft and often operate outside the industry-wide computerized reservations system. In exchange for these inconveniences, passengers receive low fares relative to the industry as a whole. This research examinesRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1291 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation was the process of removing the government imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s administration, and carried through Ford administration. The airlines industry wasRead MoreAirline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Signed1398 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Airline deregulation is the process of removing the government-imposed regulations on the entry of new airlines as well the airline fare limiting the competition and growth of the airline industry. In the United States, airline deregulation mainly refers to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 signed by President Carter. President Carter signed the Act, but the act was proposed initially during Nixon’s presidency, and was carried out by the Ford Administration. The airline industry wasRead MoreThe Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978842 Words   |  4 Pageschanged how we live and experience the world as a result of the airline industry - we are able to settle, travel, and conduct business in places once deemed remote and inaccessible, and our world is undoubtedly more interconnected. Traveling by air has become a commonplace service, altering our perception of distance and diminishing travel time, and the industry is continuously making efforts to improve and advance. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 within the United States promulgated an era ofRead MoreThe Airline Deregulation Act Of 19781435 Words   |  6 Pageschanged how we live and experience the world as a result of the airline industry - we are able to settle, travel, and conduct business in places once deemed remote and inaccessible, and our world is undoubtedly more interconnected. Traveling by air has become a commonplace service, altering our perception of distance and diminishing travel time, and the industry is continuously making efforts to improve and advance. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 within the United States promulgated an era ofRead MoreNational Airline Market Analysis : The Airline Deregulation Act Of 19781702 Words   |  7 PagesNational Airline Market Analysis In response to this foreign competition and domestic pressures the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was passed. Deregulation meant the market would be generally free from government controls and operate under free-market principles. By the early 1980s new carriers flooded the market causing an initial drop in fare prices. In this new market Airlines such as Pan American and TWA suffer financially. Many of the large legacy airlines that operated successfully under

The Cultural Context and Evolution of the Telephone

The Cultural Context and Evolution of the Telephone It is common knowledge that the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 and that Bell was awarded the patent after a race (and legal battle) with Elisha Gray of the Western Electric Telegraph Company; what is less well-known is the cultural context that enabled the invention or the effect that the telephone eventually had on modern life. This paper places the invention of the telephone into context and explores the relationship between the phone, the humanities, and later forms of technology. Alexander Graham Bell worked at a school for deaf children out of Boston, MA; his invention of the telephone was funded by two parents of his students. In contrast, Bells main adversary, Elisha Gray, was the founder of Western Electric, which was a subsidiary of the Western Union telegraph company. The race between the two inventors represents a dichotomy between the provincial Bell and the big business-minded Gray. Indeed, the Western Union telegraph company was hugely influential in the western expansion of the previous decades; the telegraph enabled instantaneous long-distance communication in a way that would be expanded upon by the telephone. Although it is commonly believed that Gray filed for the patent just before Bell did, bureaucratic confusion resulted in Gray being misinformed that his patent has been filed after Bell; this lead to Gray dropping his pursuit of the invention and Bell was awarded theShow MoreRelatedHow Technology has Changed Anthropology872 Words   |  4 PagesAnthropology â€Å"Anthropology is the most humanistic of the sciences and the most scientific of the humanities† – Alfred L. Kroeber Anthropology is holistic. Humans are social beings more than anything, but with underlying psychological, biological and cultural connotations. The field of anthropology encompasses everything and anything having to do with humankind throughout history. Anthropology attempts to answer the tough questions about the human condition. What influences our actions? How has our speciesRead MoreEfficient Business Communications in Companies Today Means Full Use of Social Media and Modern Technologies1411 Words   |  6 PagesThat’s why efficient business communication is important nowadays. To be successful, businesses need to develop efficient ways of communications around the world. Technologies and their advantages Technology seems to be in a state of constant evolution. New technologies are being developed all the time, and the impact this has had on the world of business communication is immeasurable. In spite of that speaking to someone in person is the best method of business communication, technology has allowedRead MoreComputer Fraud And Abuse Act ( Cfaa ) And Cyberbullying Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagesis illegal. Second, the statute does not give minimal objective criteria to assist law enforcement agencies in its application. Part II of this paper will discuss the cultural and legal definitions of cyberbullying and briefly touch upon why it has become a pervasive problem. Part III of this paper will focus on the evolution of the CFAA, its legislative history, and how courts are applying it. Part IV will focus on why and how the CFAA was applied in United States v. Drew and address the prosRead MoreThe Success Of The Training Program1606 Words   |  7 Pagesof the training programs and the extent to which it will impact the organization relies on some internal elements like culture. As Alvesson (2013, pg.1) states, ‘how people think, feel, value and act is guided by ideas, meanings and beliefs of a cultural (socially shared) nature’ and can have a direct impact on the individuals and the organizations’ performance and goals. Noticeably, organizational culture can have an influence on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of a training and developmentRead MoreBenchmarking1075 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1 – Mass Communications: A Critical Approach Culture and the Evolution of Mass Communication * Culture * can be narrowly associated with art – forms of expression such as music or painting that provide enlightenment or insight * can also be viewed as a broader category that includes the entire spectrum of ways that people express themselves at particular historical times * including art, beliefs, customs, games, technologies, traditions, and institutions Read MoreApush Chapter 25 Study Guide1276 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrial city, and place it in the context of worldwide trends of urbanization and mass migration (the European diaspora) Cities grew up and out, with such famed architects as  Louis Sullivan  working on and perfecting skyscrapers (first appearing in Chicago in 1885). The city grew from a small compact one that people could walk through to get around to a huge metropolis that required commuting by electric trolleys. Electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones made city life more alluring. DepartmentRead MoreLanguage And Its Effect On Language Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pages Hayes 2011). Language is learned behavior that traditionally began orally, and would have been used to convey real-time statements of facts, however as time progressed the cultural invention of written language developed, changing the ways in which language could be used to communicate (Gee Hayes 2011). This evolution has greatly diversified language, creating many different varieties in the way of accents, regional varieties, professional varieties, urban varieties, age varieties, social varietiesRead MoreBusiness Administra tion1491 Words   |  6 PagesThese job descriptions include personal assistant whose role has changed due to the rapid progression of technology. They are now more responsible for a wide range of duties which have expanded beyond the scope of particular departments to the wide context of the organization.one of their key roles is the management of information. They are supposed to schedule meetings, maintain paper work, conduct internet research, increased understanding of the executive roles and be key team members of their operationRead Moreï » ¿Chapter 1—Communication Skills as Career Filters8514 Words   |  35 Pageschannels, including letters, memos, and e-mails. PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 2-3 OBJ: Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT: AACSB: Tier 1---Reflective Thinking; Tier 2---Conclusion | AACSB: Tier 1---Information Technology; Tier 2---Communication Evolution TOP: Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 5. Major trends in todays dynamic world of work include increased emphasis on self-directed work groups and virtual teams, heightened global competition, innovative communication technologiesRead MoreCommunication- Is It an Art or a Science ? Let Us See...........7412 Words   |  30 Pagesvarious means, such as print or broadcasting. c. Any of various professions involved with the transmission of information, such as advertising, broadcasting, or journalism. 2. communication as a mean is: a. A system, such as mail, telephone, or television, for sending and receiving messages. b. A network of routes for sending messages and transporting troops and supplies. 3. In the electronic world, it is the transfer of data and information from one location to another.

International Business Environment for Porter- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business Environment for Porter Theory. Answer: Introduction Porters diamond theory of national advantage is a significant theory that deals with the competitive advantages of countries. This theory states that countries can enhance their competitiveness by developing its different factors, which are available to them. It can be used to evaluate the ability of firm to operate the business in national market. In addition to this, it also analyzes the ability of national market to compete in global business market. It offers a model, which can assist in understanding the competitive position of the country in international competition. This theory mentions various factors for competitive advantage for different countries. These factors are such as firm strategy, structure and rivalry, factor endowments, demand conditions and related and supporting industries (Acs, Audretsch, Lehmann, and Licht, 2017). The major objective of this report is to discuss and apply Porters Diamond theory of National Advantage on Bank of Ireland. About the banking industry in Ireland, it can be stated that this industry is very significant for the development and stability of the countrys economy. Banking system in Ireland is very strong and it is regulated by different set of laws and regulations, which have united the directives of European Union. The major regulatory organization for Irish banking sector is the National Bank of Ireland that offers the rules and regulations for commercial banks, which are running their operations in Irish market (International Trade Administration, 2018). The Bank of Ireland is a commercial bank that is operated in Ireland and it is the part of traditional Irish Big Four banks. It is the type of public company that was founded in the year 1783 and headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. By offering premier banking operations and services, this bank occupies an exclusive position in the banking history of Ireland. It is the oldest bank in on-going banking operations in Ireland. Bank of Ireland is controlled by the Central Bank of Ireland. Currently, this organization has started to offer 365 online banking services, under which it offers flexibility and convenience to operate day to day banking on internet at any place and any time, which suits the customers (Bank of Ireland, 2018). Apart from this, the organization is offering both insurance and banking services to its domestic customers, who can be legal entities, natural persons, several institutions etc. As most of the Irish banks, Bank of Ireland also provides the services such as loan accounts, investment services, deposit accounts, current accounts, mortgage accounts etc. The below report discusses various factors, which contribute to the growth and success of Bank of Ireland in national and international industries. In this report, Porters National Diamond Theory of Competitive Advantage assists in understanding the ways how Bank of Ireland creates and sustains competitive advantage. It is the key to explain that what role the country plays in the success and processes of organization. By the use of this model, external competitive environment that assists organizations to determine the related strength and explain why banking industry in Ireland has become competitive and have regional and domestic advantages (Bessis, 2015). Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry Firm strategy, structure and rivalry are one of the factors of Porters Diamond Analysis that varies from nation to nation. Firm strategy, structure and rivalry are significant for the growth and success of a company. These strategies assist the organization in establishing new objectives, structure assists in managing the business activities and operations and rivalry assists in developing new and innovative ideas in companies (Cassidy, Barry and Egeraat, 2009). This factor of this framework is related to the way, in which a company is managed and organized, its corporate goals and the analysis of competition within its organizational culture. Moreover, it emphasizes on the conditions in a nation, which determine where the organization is operating its business. In the context of this factor, it can be stated that competitiveness breeds growth and success in an organization. The banking industry of Ireland is becoming highly competitive and it is very difficult to attain competitive advantage. There are various players, which are posing intense competition to Bank of Ireland. These players are such as National Irish Bank, Allied Irish Bank and Ulster Bank. By looking at the Irish Banking Industry, it can be stated that there is a tough rivalry among lots of banks. So, they are competing intensely and developing more unique and quality services (Barbosa, de Paula Rocha, and Salazar, 2015). As there are various competing banks, so people shift between banks easily because they are situated in same location, i.e. Dublin. If they are dissatisfied with the services of one bank, then they shift to other competitors in the similar sector. This is the major factor that drives the Bank of Ireland to become more competitive and innovative in the globa l market. The Bank of Ireland is doing so in the technologically sophisticated banking processes, which are not done by other rival organizations (Lazzarini, 2015). By the use of advanced and innovative technologies, Bank of Ireland offered 365 online services. These services of organization provide convenience and flexibility to practice its banking and account services. It has diversified its services in online banking, retail and commercial banking. To deal with the strong competition, Bank of Ireland is adopting various effective strategies such as; it has established a strong distribution network. Moreover, it has expanded its operations in Great Britain by the acquiring other banks. Marketing strategies of Bank of Ireland are very effective and it has enhanced its visibility through sponsoring sports events (Barney, 2014). Instead of strong competition, Bank of Ireland is able to gain higher competitive advantage by the use of effective strategies and structure. In this country, governme nt has developed strict rules and legislations for international players, which are attempting to enter into Irish banking industry. It helps this bank in attaining competitive advantage over international players also. Thus, it can be stated that direct competition is the major component that compels the Irish banking firms to work for enhancing their innovation and productivity in the industry. In Ireland, the companies are trying to be more innovative and qualitative due to competitive pressure from leading players in the industry (Gianiodis, Ettlie and Urbina, 2014). Factor Endowments It is another factor in the country that is related to the production and service factors of business, i.e. infrastructure and knowledge. According to this economic theory, factor endowment of a nation is commonly understood as amount of capital, labor, land and entrepreneurship, which a nation have and it can exploit for offering services (Wagner III and Hollenbeck, 2015). Factor conditions are significant aspects such as skilled and technology resources, which a nation develops. There are the factors to determine the competitiveness in particular sectors. These factors can be convened into important resources such as human resources, infrastructure and knowledge resources. In addition to this, the country includes the domestic buyers, which have demand and awareness for quality, innovative ad advanced products that can create global competitiveness for the organization (Byun, Lee, and Kim, 2016). In the Irish banking industry, the factor conditions are physical resources, human res ources, capital resources, knowledge resources and infrastructure. These are the most sparkling corner of Dublins diamond. Ireland country boasts talented, well-educated and native team. In addition to this, the Banks in the country are attracting experienced people from all over Europe, so that they can deliver the banking services effectively. Currently, Bank of Ireland has a strong workforce of more than 15000 employees. The company has trained its employees with different cultures and languages, so that they can expand their business in other countries and engage in international banking industry. In the country, there is a large presence of software companies that has provided different software to the banking companies. Ireland country has got a talented workforce and following the hard and long recession. Due to this, the talent and workforce of this company are comparatively cheaper than other neighboring countries. The country has good infrastructure and telecommunication f acilities, which assist this bank in gaining competitive advantage in this industry (Fainshmidt, Smith, and Judge, 2016). About Dublin, Ireland, it can be stated that country has enough supporting infrastructure that is required by the banks for operating their processes and connecting with their clients. Moreover, knowledge resources are also plentiful in the form of research and third level educational facilities. In the context of capital resources, Dublin has a strong venture capital community and the country has easy access to the government funding and debt financing. Apart from this, another component is the 45% decrease in the rental prices of offices, which have occurred in the city post-crash (Cullen, 2015). In Ireland, most of the banking firms reported that they are receiving non-financial support like marketing information, management development skills and business planning data from state agencies. Thus, it can be said that government and other state agencies are supporting the organizations in the development of factor conditions in the country. Irish telecommunication infrastructure is very beneficial for the competitive success of organization. Thus, the primary factors that are used by the Irish banking industry and Bank of Ireland and which may have a large impact on its competitiveness are capital resources, labor, talent, technological resources and infrastructure. By looking at the Irish scenario, it can be stated that factor conditions in Ireland are moderate for the Bank of Ireland and other firms in the banking industry, but they cannot be used solely (Kharub, and Sharma, 2017). Demand Conditions According to the Porters model of National Competitive Advantage, regional and local demand is the major root of national competitive advantage. Demand condition is the component that refers to the size and nature of customers of products and services in the domestic market. The demand conditions in the nation encourage the local companies to enhance their products and services offerings. If product and service demand will be more in the local market, then it can affect the customer demand in international market. In todays globalized environment where the local demand seems to be redundant, Porter recommends domestic demand can offer competitive advantage of an organization (Hallissey, 2016). An extensive local market can provide the major driver for a firm to upgrade and innovate before shifting to the international markets. Moreover, a country can adopt its culture and values to develop a market in foreign land. For most of the organizations, it seems that communication with the c ustomers in Ireland has been profitable and in this context regional demand conditions have some impact on indigenous banking sector. For instance, interaction with customers has assisted Bank of Ireland to develop innovative and improved products and services, which are specialized for targeted audiences. For Bank of Ireland, demand conditions are shown by the demand of traditional banking services such as; giving loans, accepting deposits etc. Number of accounts of bank customers and how better their related with the banks profits is important to be considered. In the case of Ireland market, there are different arguments, which can be made (Kelly, Brien, and Stuart, 2015). First, the home market in the country is very small to gain substantial economies of scale advantages and there is less incentives to make investment. However, it is improbable that Irish banking firms develop its banking services by keeping only Irish customers in mind. The country is emphasizing on expanding its demand conditions in United Kingdom that has given a closeness of the UK industry and historical connections between both countries (Floyd, Ardley, Summan, Rahman, and Vortelinos, 2016). This can be looked by the close link between the economy of UK and Ireland. This independence on UK industry has dropped intensely during past 35 years, but still UK is the largest customer of Ireland. By developing retail banking and online banking, Bank of Ireland is creating demand of its services in international market also. It is offering the services and facilities to international transfer of funds. Mobile banking of Bank of Ireland is designed to assist the customers to perform the banking in an effective and convenient manner (Baptista, and Oliveira, 2015). It has made international fund transfer very easy and secure by developi ng this facility. About Ireland, it is true that it is the home to some innovative, demanding and advanced customers, especially from banking and financial service industry. Therefore, the demand, which entices US and UK based companies to Ireland is not local but rather than regional. From the analysis of country, it can be stated that demand conditions solely are not important in Ireland, because they are dependent on other components of National Diamond theory like intense rivalry among local players. Related and Supporting Industries Related and supporting industries are the contributors for a nation, which drive the growth and success for other industries and overall economy. The growth and success of a market depends of the presence and contribution of suppliers and related industries in a region. In a country, the companies should involve the industries, which are considered as a major leader of a specific product or service. These suppliers and industries assist in reinforcing internationalization and innovation. If a company is successful, then it can be profitable for other supporting and related industries (Kumar, 2017). In a country, it is very important for a countrys growth as development of one sector affects the growth and success of other sectors. Supporting and related industries refers to the retailers and distributors, research institutes, distribution systems, tools and equipment, raw material suppliers, transportation system and other sectors, which use technology and other required facilities. Related and supporting industry is an essential determinant of national competitive advantage. There are various industries in Ireland, which are related and supporting to banking industry and which have a large impact of its importance. One of the most significant related industries of Bank of Ireland is those, which have assisted the bank to develop the skills and knowledge of labor that have proven meaningful and valuable for the banking industry. In addition to this, Information Technology (IT) industry is the most supporting industry as there are so many IT organizations, which are offering updated technologies and software to operate banking services (Bishnoi, and Devi, 2017). In Ireland, supporting and related sectors are surely contributing to the competitiveness and growth of Bank of Ireland. There are various risky businesses, which rely on traditional banking as they can have difficulties in getting loans and raising funds from public and financial markets. The survival of these risky businesses assures the development of banking industry in Ireland. With the increase in the demand of these risky businesses, there will be growth in the banking services and systems because this is the only source of funding for their business operations. These are the industries, which assist this bank in developing factor conditions in Ireland and gain competitive advantage over other players (Gibson, 2015). Apart from this, there are some other industries in the country such as insurance, venture capital, asset management and credit services. These organizations offer the services, which resemble the banks services. This has an adverse impact on the competitiveness o f Bank of Ireland. The people in country are shifting their interest towards these industries and companies that is reducing the customer base of the banks. To deal with the issues, the banking firms have established alliance and business relationships with the foreign companies (Jussila, Krkkinen and Aramo-Immonen, 2014). It has been purchasing the hardware and software from the foreign IT companies and taking marketing and promotional assistance. Bank of Ireland has adopted effective strategies such as merger, strategic alliance and acquisition. Thus, this factor of Porters Diamond of National Competitive Advantage is equally important to other factors and it is important to develop factor and demand conditions in the country. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be concluded that Porters Diamond of National Advantage is an important model that analyzes different conditions and factors of a country. It states how the country is profitable for the organizations, which are operating business in this country. According to this theory of Porter, factors of country play a vital role in the growth and success of a company in global market. These factors are depicted in the shape of diamond, so it is known as diamond theory. The above report shows that there are various factors, which determines the national advantage. It is used to evaluate the external environment and marketplace that assist the organizations to determine the related strengths and describe that why some of the industries are competitive and have national advantages. These advantages can be evaluated by four factors such as firms strategy, structure and rivalry, factor conditions, demand conditions and supporting and related industries. These factors interact with each other and assist the firms in enhancing the competitiveness and gaining competitive advantage. The above report describes these four factors in context of Bank of Ireland. From this discussion, it can be stated that competitive advantage is moderate for the Irish Banking industry. A single factor is not sufficient for the growth and success of Bank of Ireland. The country should possess a combination of factors to gain national competitive advantage (Pinto, 2015). The outcomes of the above analysis indicate that business environment of the country is very supportive and can assist the organization in creating a foundation for getting comparative edge. The Irish banking industry has a powerful competitive position. There is a combination of profitable impacts, which have proved effective for the industry and Bank of Ireland. In the case of Bank of Ireland, factor conditions have been significant for the quality and availability of skilled workforce. In many ways, local demand conditions have a positive effect on creating competitive edge of most of the banking firms. Under the strategy, structure and rivalry factor, it can be stated that Bank of Ireland is adopting various effective strategies to deal with the intense competition in the industry (Riasi, 2015). It is making specialization and developing in different market niches that give it a sustainable and competitive market position. Domestic competition has positive impact on the competitiveness of banking companies in Ireland. In addition to these factors, there are some supporting and related industries, which have assisted banking organizations in developing skills and knowledge of labor in this industry. IT industry plays a vital role in the growth of Irish banking industry. Combination of these factors is beneficial for the organizations growth in a country. Thus, Ireland is a favorable country for the growth and success of banking firms and offering various regional advantages to Bank of Ireland. References Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B., Lehmann, E.E. and Licht, G., 2017. National systems of innovation.The Journal of Technology Transfer,42, 997-1008. Bank of Ireland, 2018, Bank of Ireland - For small steps, for big steps, for life, Available from https://www.bankofireland.com/ on 12 March 2018. Baptista, G. and Oliveira, T., 2015. Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators.Computers in Human Behavior,50, 418-430. Barbosa, K., de Paula Rocha, B. and Salazar, F., 2015. Assessing competition in the banking industry: A multi-product approach.Journal of Banking Finance,50, 340-362. Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. UK. Pearson higher ed. Bessis, J., 2015.Risk management in banking. US. John Wiley Sons. Bishnoi, T.R. and Devi, S., 2017. Information Technology in Banking System. InBanking Reforms in India, UK. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Byun, J.W., Lee, S.S. and Kim, S.S., 2016. The convergence of IP and financial sectors: Analysis of the national competitiveness by using Diamond model approach.Journal of Digital Convergence,14, 227-234. Cassidy, J., Barry, F. and Egeraat, C.V., 2009, Ireland Industrial Competitiveness in a Small Open Economy, National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis, 44, 1-49. Cullen, M., 2015, What Makes Dublin The Second Home Of SaaS? Available from https://www.dublinglobe.com/community/opinion/what-makes-dublin-the-second-home-of-saas on 12 March 2018. Fainshmidt, S., Smith, A., and Judge, W. Q., 2016, National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model: The Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality, Global Strategy Journal,6, 81-104. Floyd, D., Ardley, B., Summan, S., Rahman, M. and Vortelinos, D., 2016. Should we be worried about the increasing foreign ownership of UK industries?.Theoretical Economic Letters,6, 178-185. Gianiodis, P.T., Ettlie, J.E. and Urbina, J.J., 2014. Open service innovation in the global banking industry: Inside-out versus outside-in strategies.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28, 76-91. Gibson, J., 2015, The Impact FinTech is having on the Financial Services Industry in Ireland, available from https://esource.dbs.ie/bitstream/handle/10788/2906/mba_gibson_j_2015.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y on 12 March 2018. Hallissey, N., 2016, Interconnectedness of the Irish banking sector with the global financial system, Quarterly Bulletin. International Trade Administration, 2018, Ireland - Banking Systems, Available from https://www.export.gov/article?id=Ireland-Banking-Systems on 12 March 2018. Jussila, J.J., Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 606-613. Kelly, R., Brien, E.O. and Stuart, R., 2015. A long-run survival analysis of corporate liquidations in Ireland.Small Business Economics,44, 671-683. Kharub, M. and Sharma, R., 2017. Comparative analyses of competitive advantage using Porter diamond model. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,27, 132-160. Kumar, A., 2017. Information Technology Industry.Journal of Management Science, Operations Strategies, 1, 12-15. Lazzarini, S.G., 2015. Strategizing by the government: Can industrial policy create firm?level competitive advantage?.Strategic Management Journal,36, 97-112. Pinto, J.K., 2015.Project management: achieving competitive advantage. US, Prentice Hall. Riasi, A., 2015, Competitive Advantages of Shadow Banking Industry: An Analysis Using Porter Diamond Model, Business Management and Strategy, 6, 15-27. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. UK, Routledge.

Questions Essay Example Essay Example

Questions Essay Example Paper Questions Essay Introduction Question 1. You are a recently appointed Sales Manager for a manufacturer of small engines. The company has grown rapidly over recent years, but its profit margins have been declining and this is one of the key issues that you have been hired to address.After three months on the job, you have become aware that the company’s nine salespeople are focused on closing as many deals as possible regardless of whether they provide good solutions for customers. In addition, salespeople are discounting so much that your company’s margins are continuing to decrease. Clearly, your position as Sales Manager may be in trouble if this continues, plus your personal bonus is based upon achieving profit margin objectives.When you have discussed this with the salespeople, they indicate that in the past they have been encouraged to focus on sales volume and not the profitability of deals.Some changes are required otherwise the profitability targets of the organisation and your personal bon us will not be achieved. What steps do you undertake to resolve the situation and why do you undertake those steps?It is important for the Sales people to be able to have clear goals so that they may correspondingly direct their behaviour towards the achievement of these targets. If they have been accustomed to believing that they will have maximum pay-offs in increasing their sales volume, then they will continue to act as if this strategy will yield them maximum benefit. The first step I will do is to hold a general assembly which will focus on this change of mindset. I will clarify with them that it is profitability and not merely sales volume that will give both them and the whole unit maximum yield. This is consistent with the essence of expectancy theory.Expectancy theory supports the contention that people choose the behaviour they believe will maximize their payoff. It states that people look at various actions and choose the one they believe is most likely to lead to the re wards they want the most. This theory has been tested extensively. It has been found that expectancy theory can do an excellent job of predicting occupational choice and job satisfaction and a moderately good job of predicting effort on the job. Expectancy theory implies that the anticipation of rewards is important as well as the perceived contingency between the behaviours desired by the organisation and the desired rewards. The theory also implies that since different people desire different rewards, organisations should try to match rewards with what employees want (Weathersby, 1998). In other words, if the sales people realise that they will have more reward if they focus on profitability, then they will work towards this changed goal. What is important is to be able to effectively clarify what the goal is, why it was changed, and why it is crucial to achieve it.This change in mindset among the sales people may also be perceived as a change in the vision and its clarification. It is important for me as a Sales Manager to have a clearly defined vision, both on the task and people sides of the business. This speaks of the effectiveness of their leadership, which is both people-oriented than task-oriented. All leaders have the capacity to create a compelling vision, one that takes people to a new place, and the ability to translate that vision into reality. Modern leadership literature frequently characterises the leader as the vision holder, the keeper of the dream, or the person who has a vision of the organisation’s purpose. If the Sales team is one in achieving a profitability target and they know the specific objectives that they have to hit to contribute to this overall goal, then I would be more confident that the overall goal of the team would be achieved.;Personal vision includes my personal aspirations for the organisation and acts as the impetus for the my actions that will link organisational and future vision. My vision needs to be shared by those who will be involved in its realization. Setting of a profitability target for the sales team is just one manifestation of visionary leadership, where a clear goal is identified – but I also have the responsibility to link this to more strategic organisational thrusts.;Question 2. You are the Sales Manager of an electrical goods distributor whose main customer base is electrical retailers. One of your most successful salespeople struggles to submit the weekly written reports that you require from all of your salespeople. This salesperson never submits the reports on time, you usually have to repeatedly request them and when they are submitted they don’t contain the customer information or sales activity information that you want. This also makes it difficult to keep these customer records up to date in the company’s CRM system and limits the ability of sales support staff to help manage these relationships. The rest of the salesforce submit these repor ts, in hard or soft copy, on time and without complaint.What do you do about this issue and why?The first thing I will do as a Sales Manager is to hold a performance discussion with my salesman because of this poor work habit of delayed report submission. During the discussion, I would clearly state why we are holding the session and its importance. I would then allow him to express concerns about why he is always not punctual in churning out his reports. I will try as much as possible to still maintain his self-esteem despite the correction, and also to listen attentively to his concerns. At the end of the session, we should have concurred on the best course of action to be able to resolve the problem. We will then set a work plan, specifying who will do what and by when.The clarity of a goal is important – it needs to be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. I should ensure that the goal of report submission comply with these criteria of well-defined g oals / objectives. Moreover, I should also be able to show the linkage of this positive behaviour of goal submission to reward. If no such linkage is made, the salesman may not be motivated in attaining the goal set out for him. According to goals setting theories, employees set goals and those organisations can influence work behaviour by influencing these goals. The major concepts in the theory are intentions, performance standards, goal acceptance, and the effort expended. These concepts are assumed to be the motivation. Participation in goal setting should increase commitment and acceptance. Individual goal setting should be more effective than group goals because it is the impact of goals on intentions that is important. In goal-setting theory the crucial factor is the goal. Tests of the theory show that using goals leads to higher performance than situations without goals, and that difficult goals lead to better performance than easy ones (Maczynski ; Koopman, 2000). Although participation in goal setting may increase satisfaction, it does not always lead to higher performance.Second, I will also ensure that continuous monitoring and feedback transpires after we hold the performance discussion. I will coach him further if necessary until he is able to correct his poor work habit. A feedback system can be a form of reinforcement system and a motivational factor for management in promoting positive behaviour among employees. Following Skinner’s =:///cbt-skinner-vs-psychotherapy-freud/ class=ilgen data-wpel-link=external rel=nofollow>reinforcement theory, I can use the feedback system as a form of motivational lever in shaping my salesman’s behaviour and in helping him aim for higher goals. I can also provide incentives for positive behaviour.;It is important to provide feedback to the salesman to assess his or her strengths and weaknesses so that further training can be implemented. Although this feedback and training should be an ongoing pro cess, the semi-annual evaluation might be the best time to formally discuss his performance, but performance coaching sessions across the performance period is encouraged.;Question 4. If you pay a sales person enough money you will have a well motivated sales person. Do you agree? Explain your reasons.While pay is an important consideration for most workers, there are more important considerations that affect an employees’ intention to stay with the organisation and to work optimally. My salesmen’s intrinsic motivation will cause them to exhibit organisational commitment even as he realizes that the pay offered by the company is not necessarily the most competitive. While this is the case, tt is important to ensure that their pay is equitable – while it is not the highest in the industry – since this is intricately related to the my salesmen’s sense of job satisfaction.I should also ensure that the rewards given to my sales people are equitably giv en. Equity theory suggests that motivated behaviour is a form of exchange in which individuals employ an internal balance sheet in determining what to do. It predicts that people will choose the alternative they perceive as fair. In other words, my sales people should find that those who contributed more to goal attainment are also rewarded as much. That is, reward is a function of performance or merit.I realise that motivating workers well in these times of change demands a balanced combination of emotional and intellectual levers. Any manager should learn to use and combine as many needs, factors, modes of reinforcement, and outputs into their message as may be necessary to motivate their employees (Legge, 2005). As Sales Manager, I can become a good motivator by knowing two things well: first, which tool or level of motivation will work for each and every employee, and second, how to motivate and communicate effectively with the use of positive reinforcement. On the part of my co mpany, management practices which can serve as effective reinforcers include self-esteem work shops, flexible work arrangements, customized benefits packages, individual and team performance-based reward systems, among others. Each employee is different thus their motivating factors vary from one and other. My task should be to locate motivational factors of each individual or group in order to develop a motivational environment. This will assist the me in creating a better working environment enhancing productivity and job satisfaction.;Leaders and managers like myself are the ones that provide motivation and vision to any organisational undertaking. I should posses the capabilities, abilities, and skills of a leader in order to create a motivating, working environment. Only in having such effective and motivational leadership can the organisation be assured of a healthy, sustainable, and committed workforce.Word Count: 402ReferencesLegge, K. (2005). Human resource management: Rhet orics and realities. Anniversary edition. Basingstoke: MacMillan.Maczynski, J. ; Koopman, P. (2000). Culture and leadership profiles in Europe: Some results from the GLOBE study. In Koslowsky, M. ; Stashevsky, S. (eds.), Work values and organisational behaviour toward the new millennium. London: Macmillan.Weathersby, G. B. (1998). Leadership at every level. Management Review, 87(6), 5. Questions Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

State Trooper Essay †Criminal Justice Essays

State Trooper Essay – Criminal Justice Essays Free Online Research Papers State Trooper Essay Criminal Justice Essays â€Å"More than half of the highway patrols and state police function as one agency within the states Department of Public Safety. Others operate as separate agencies whose chief administrators report directly to the governor. There are currently more then 58,000 sworn officers representing state police and highway patrols† (Stinchcomb 46). As stated in the Occupational Outlook Handbook developed by the Department of Labor, state troopers are often referred to as highway patrol officers, and state traffic officers. The major responsibility of a state trooper is to ensure public safety on the roadways. This includes patrolling the major highways, enforcing traffic laws, dealing with accidents, and other emergencies. State troopers must also enforce criminal laws such as burglary or assault. They may also be called in to help city or county police apprehend lawbreakers and control civil disturbances. All states with the exception of Hawaii have a statewide police force (qtd. in U.S. Department of Labor 368). As describe in the online site state.de.us, â€Å"state troopers must demonstrate good judgment, thoroughness, conscientiousness, common sense, motivation, and enthusiasm for the job. They must be dependable and willing to get involved in order to help deal with the problems of today’s society, Troopers have to be able to assume responsibility and make decisions often under pressure. They have to be able to work without supervision, follow orders, and function well under pressure.† â€Å"Activities of state troopers vary from state to state. Some duties they may have to perform are patrolling state and interstate highway, and enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws. State police officers work a five-day 40-hour week, with rotating shifts. Some states however, such as New Jersey use a 4/10 shift rotations. This means they work four days a week for ten hours each day. Sometimes they will have to work holidays, and weekends because protection is need 24/7. Most troopers patrol the highways of their states in cars and motorcycles, although some use planes, helicopters, and even boats. State police officers usually patrol alone although others work with a partner. They are constantly in contact with their communication centers to check in with their superior officers and receive orders. State troopers must always be prepared to work outdoors for long periods of time in all kinds of weather, and they must always be prepared to use a gun.† (Learni ng Express chapter 3 pg. 4). As mentioned in the online site state.de.us., â€Å"troopers are required to perform duties such as sending and receiving radio and teletype messages, maintaining records and responding to telephone inquires concerning road conditions and locations. They are also responsible for preparing written memos and reports.† The daily routines of state troopers include moving vehicles checks and helping motorists. They are usually the first to arrive at a highway accidents where they have to provide emergency care, and gather evidence on the cause of the accident. (Learning Express chapter 3 pg. 3-4). Qualifications for the position of state trooper vary from state to state. All applicants must be U.S. citizens between the ages of 21 and 35 at the time of the appointment. State police agencies require a high school diploma, but most people with college training have a greater advantage. Many states require a certain number of college credits. All applicants must receive a passing mark on a written civil service examination as well as a qualifying rating on an interview conducted by a police board of examiners. Each applicant must pass a comprehensive medical examination, and some states require candidates to undergo psychological and psychiatric testing to determine emotional stability and suitability for this work. Applicants are also given performance tests designed to measure their strength, agility, and stamina. Background information gathered on each applicant to determine general character, honesty, past history, and overall suitability for the job. Those who meet all the entry requirements of the state police agency are placed on a certified civil service list of eligible’s and are selected from this list as vacancies occur. The recruits enter training school on a probationary basis, and must complete an intensive training program of approximately 12 to 16weeks. Candidates who successfully conclude this training are assigned to duty on a probationary basis for a period ranging from six months to one year or longer, depending on state policy ( qtd. in Hammer and Scheinkman 5). As mentioned in the online site njsp.org, â€Å"the income of State troopers varies by state but is determined by rank. The higher you go in rank the more you can expect to earn. The current starting salary for a New Jersey trooper is $53,576.46 a year (including a uniform allowance) Troopers also receive yearly raises. Members of the State Police are given medical and dental coverage, and are also offered a prescription drug and vision care program. Troopers are given vacation and personal days. State troopers are covered by a group Life Insurance Policy, and are eligible to participate in a deferred compensation plan or supplemental annuity plan to supplement retirement income.† â€Å"The demand for troopers is expected to be good through 2012† (Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance 58). Because society is more conscious about security and because of drug related crimes there will be a need for more state troopers. As troopers retire or die there will be more openings for trooper positions. State Trooper employment is expected to grow much faster than the average for other occupations. Troopers will be needed in criminal investigation and other non-highway functions, but the greatest demand will be for Troopers to work in highway patrol. Because law enforcement work is becoming more complex specialists will be needed to develop administrative and criminal information systems (Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance 58). Research Papers on State Trooper Essay - Criminal Justice EssaysUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Twilight of the UAWCapital Punishment

The Terror of the French Revolution - 1793-1794

The Terror of the French Revolution - 1793-1794 1793 January February February 1: France declares war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. February 15: Monaco annexed by France. February 21: Volunteer and Line regiments in the French army merged together. February 24: Levà ©e of 300,000 men to defend the Republic. February 25-27: Riots in Paris over food. March March 7: France declares war on Spain. March 9: Representatives en mission are created: these are deputies who will travel to the French departments to organise the war effort and quell rebellion. March 10: The Revolutionary Tribunal is created to try those suspected of counter revolutionary activity. March 11: The Vendà ©e region of France revolts, partly in reaction to the demands of the levee of Feb 24. March: Decree ordering French rebels captured with arms to be executed without appeal. March 21: Revolutionary armies and committees created. Committee of Surveillance established in Paris to monitor strangers. March 28: Émigrà ©s now considered legally dead. April April 5: French General Dumouriez defects. April 6: Committee of Public Safety created. April 13: Marat stands trial. April 24: Marat is found not guilty. April 29: The Federalist uprising in Marseilles. May May 4: First Maximum on grain prices passed. May 20: Forced loan on the rich. May 31: Journee of May 31: the Paris sections rise demanding the Girondins be purged. June June 2: Journee of June 2: Girodins purged from the Convention. June 7: Bordeaux and Caen rise in the Federalist revolt. June 9: Saumur is captured by rebelling Vendà ©ans. June 24: Constitution of 1793 voted on and passed. July July 13: Marat assassinated by Charlotte Corday. July 17: Chalier executed by Federalists. Final feudal dues removed. July 26: Hoarding made a capital offence. July 27: Robespirre elected to the Committee of Public Safety. August August 1: The Convention implements a scorched earth policy in the Vendà ©e. August 23: Decree of levee en masse. August 25: Marseille is recaptured. August 27: Toulon invites the British in; they occupy the town two days later. September September 5: Prompted by the Journee of September 5 government by Terror begins. September 8: Battle of Hondschoote; first French military success of the year. September 11: Grain Maximum introduced. September 17: Laws of Suspects passed, definition of suspect widened. September 22: Start of Year II. September 29: General Maximum begins. October October 3: The Girondins go to trial. October 5: The Revolutionary Calendar is adopted. October 10: Introduction of the Constitution of 1793 halted and Revolutionary Government declared by the Convention. October 16: Marie Antoinette executed. October 17: Battle of Cholet; the Vendà ©ans are defeated. October 31: 20 leading Girondins are executed. November November 10: Festival of Reason. November 22: All churches closed in Paris. December December 4: Law of Revolutionary Government / Law of 14 Frimaire passed, centralising power in the Committee of Public Safety. December 12: Battle of Le Mans; the Vendà ©ans are defeated. December 19: Toulon recaptured by the French. December 23: Battle of Savenay; the Vendà ©ans are defeated. 1794 January February February 4: Slavery abolished. February 26: First Law of Ventà ´se, spreading seized property among the poor. March March 3: Second Law of Ventà ´se, spreading seized property among the poor. March 13: Hà ©rbertist/Cordelier faction arrested. March 24: Hà ©rbertists executed. March 27: Disbanding of the Parisian Revolutionary Army. March 29-30: Arrest of the Indulgents/Dantonists. April April5: Execution of the Dantonists. April-May: The power of the Sansculottes, Paris Commune and sectional societies broken. May May 7: Decree starting the Cult of the Supreme Being. May 8: Provincial Revolutionary Tribunals closed, all suspects must now be tried in Paris. June June 8: Festival of the Supreme Being. June 10: Law of 22 Prairial: designed to make convictions easier, start of the Great Terror. July July 23: Wage limits introduced in Paris. July 27: Journee of 9 Thermidor overthrows Robespierre. July 28: Robespierre executed, many of his supporters are purged and follow him over the next few days. August August 1: Law of 22 Prairial repealed. August 10: Revolutionary Tribunal re-organised so as to cause fewer executions. August 24: The Law on Revolutionary Government reorganises the control of the republic away from the highly centralised structure of the Terror. August 31: Decree limiting the powers of the Paris commune. September September 8: Nantes Federalists tried. September 18: All payments, subsidies to religions halted. September 22: Year III starts. November November 12: The Jacobin Club closed. November 24: Carrier placed on trial for his crimes in Nantes. December December - July 1795: The White Terror, a violent reaction against supporters and facilitators of the Terror. December 8: Surviving Girondins allowed back into the Convention. December 16: Carrier, the butcher of Nantes, executed. December 24: The maximum is scrapped. Invasion of Holland. Back to Index Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

The Educational Research Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Educational Research Framework - Essay Example Therefore, it is important to integrate technological innovation into this new emphasis on science education. At present, schools in Saudi Arabia still use traditional ways to teach science subjects. This makes science learning very hard and boring to students. The education of science in Saudi Arabia should include many ways to learn science, such as the internet. Using the internet in education can lead to many benefits for the students and teacher because it impacts on education and training systems by revolutionizing education in all levels and offering increased interaction and effectiveness in learning (Al-Sadan, 2000). In addition, these new technological tools such as the Internet, virtual classrooms forums, and discussion boards as well as up-to-date laboratory facilities will enable science students and professionals to share information and knowledge with ease and have significant impacts on science education. The Journal of Science Education and Technology offers many articles detailing the ways that science education can benefit from technology. Also, the ICT Impact Report explains the way that education in the European Union uses new technology. It will provide many examples of how new technology could be applied in Saudi Arabia. I will use personal interviews of some of the subjects in the survey to add details to the survey answers and determine why they find certain technologies useful and why they think other specific technologies should be added to the teaching of science in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. This will give me a clear view to understand the problems. Third I will use a two part literature review. I will review literature about the use of technology in teaching science in other countries. For this I will review Journal of Science Education and Technology and document like The ICT Impact Report. Also, I will review Kingdom

Criminological theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminological theory - Research Paper Example The best explanation to this particular thought can be derived by comparing and contrasting the three most applied dimensional theories in criminology, i.e. the biological theories of crime, the psychological theories of crime and the sociological theories of crime. The most apparent dissimilarities of the explanations rendered by these theories concerning crime are inherent in their diverse and often, countering assumptions. For instance, the biological theories assume that individuals commit criminal offences particularly due to physical characteristics, which are gifted by the parents to their children, or are inherited through ancestry. Therefore, the biological explanation to the causes of crime focuses largely on genetic, anatomical and psychological irregularities. On the other hand, psychological and sociological explanations advocate that social factors and economic difficulties cause significant psychological pressures on individuals. These pressures further result in stres s within individuals, persuading them to commit crime. Notably, the biological theories, with its given assumptions, indirectly tend to counter the notion or approach taken by the modern governments concerning correctional policies for criminals. However, rationalizing the same, psychological and sociological theories explain that by bringing certain changes in social and economic structure of a particular region, the government can control crime rates. Based on these predicaments, guided by the assumptions of the biological, sociological and psychological theories of crime, this study will aim at comparing and contrasting the central idea of these concepts, taking into account the historic developments in criminology since ages. Defining Criminology Edwin H. Sutherland had once affirmed that criminology is a form of knowledge which considers crime as a social trend. It principally included the cycle of creating laws to restrict crime, violating laws by criminals conducting offences and then reacting towards the contravention of the laws to further discourage any repeat occurrence of similar incidents. As can be inferred from the statement, criminology, in respect of criminal laws, is a cyclical process which aims to obtain a structured and definitive policy framework to restrict repeat occurrences of crime. Since ages, criminologists have adopted research methods from a variety of societal and behavioral sciences to postulate a particular guideline that can aid in further development of the laws by measuring the kind of offences, criminals’ behavioral traits as well as influences and victims’ characteristics, using different procedures (DeMelo, 1999). Brief Description of the Criminal Law Significance of the criminal law has been a priority to governmental bodies since centuries, to maintain a healthy and sustainable societal development process. In the medieval ages, though, criminal laws were designed to reward greater control of socio-cultura l and geo-political structure to the authoritative bodies. Reportedly, the initiation of criminology theories dates back to over 3500 years before in the history of human civilization, around 1792 BC with the establishment of the code of Hammurabi. The code was adopted from Babylonian and Hebrew laws that were in practice during the early 2000 BC (Vito & Maahs,

Genetics of Organisms Essay Example for Free

Genetics of Organisms Essay Link for flylab: You will be using a sample subscription, so once you sign up you will only have access for 24 hours. It is important to do all the pre-work before logging in to get your experimental numbers. Click on the fly lab button. After reading through the lab and understanding what you will be doing, click on start lab. Introduction FlyLab will allow you to play the role of a research geneticist. You will use FlyLab to study important introductory principles of genetics by developing hypotheses and designing and conducting matings between fruit flies with different mutations that you have selected. Once you have examined the results of a simulated cross, you can perform a statistical test of your data by chi-square analysis and apply these statistics to accept or reject your hypothesis for the predicted phenotypic ratio of offspring for each cross. With FlyLab, it is possible to study multiple generations of offspring, and perform testcrosses and backcrosses. FlyLab is a very versatile program; it can be used to learn elementary genetic principles such as dominance, recessiveness, and Mendelian ratios, or more complex concepts such as sex-linkage, epistasis, recombination, and genetic mapping. Objectives The purpose of this laboratory is to: Simulate basic principles of genetic inheritance based on Mendelian genetics by designing and performing crosses between fruit flies. Help you understand the relationship between an organisms genotype and its phenotype. ï‚ · Demonstrate the importance of statistical analysis to accept or reject a hypothesis. Use genetic crosses and recombination data to identify the location of genes on a chromosome by genetic mapping. Before You Begin: Prerequisites Before beginning FlyLab you should be familiar with the following concepts: Chromosome structure and the stages of gamete formation by meiosis. Basic terminology and principles of Mendelian genetics, including complete and incomplete dominance, epistasis, lethal mutations, recombination, autosomal recessive inheritance, autosomal dominant inheritance, and sex-linked inheritance. Predicting the results of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses by constructing a Punnett square. How genetic mutations produce changes in phenotype, and beneficial and detrimental results of mutations in a population. Assignments To begin an experiment, you must first design the phenotypes for the flies that will be mated. In addition to wild-type flies, 29 different mutations of the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are included in FlyLab. The 29 mutations are actual known mutations in Drosophila. These mutations create phenotypic changes in bristle shape, body color, antennae shape, eye color, eye shape, wing size, wing shape, wing vein structure, and wing angle. For the purposes of the simulation, genetic inheritance in FlyLab follows Mendelian principles of complete dominance. Examples of incomplete dominance are not demonstrated with this simulation. A table of the mutant phenotypes available in FlyLab can be viewed by clicking on the Genetic Abbreviations tab which appears at the top of the FlyLab homepage. When you select a particular phenotype, you are not provided with any information about the dominance or recessiveness of each mutation. FlyLab will select a fly that is homozygous for the particular mutation that you choose, unless a mutation is lethal in the homozygous condition in which case the fly chosen will be heterozygous. Two of your challenges will be to determine the zygosity of each fly in your cross and to determine the effects of each allele by analyzing the offspring from your crosses.

Comparing Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and Laurences The Fire-Dwellers :: comparison compare contrast essays

Loss of Identity in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and  Margaret Laurence's The Fire-Dwellers The protagonists in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and Margaret Laurence’s The Fire-Dwellers are very different in character.   However, both of these women lose their identity due to an outside influence.   In each of the books, we see the nature of the lost identity, the circumstances which led to this lost identity, and the consequences which occurred as a result of this lost identity.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Handmaid’s Tale our main character, Offred, has her whole world stolen away by the government of Gilead.   This new society is sexually repressed and is founded by religious extremists.   Women are only used to produce children, and they have no rights at all in the new world of Gilead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Fire Dwellers our main character, Stacey MacAindra, has been thrown into a life of responsibility.   She has an uncommunicative husband who means well, but shows her no love, as well as four children who she feels are being ruined by her every action.   She feels that life has much more to offer than the tediousness of every day routine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The nature of Offred’s lost identity is very drastic.   Before the new religious group of Gilead took over the world, she was a very normal every day woman.   She did what was expected of her time and continued to do so after the take over.   She had a husband and a daughter who she loved very much.   In the new society in which she lives, however, love is not permitted. â€Å" If   I thought that this would happen again I would die.   But this is wrong, nobody dies from lack of sex.   It’s lack of love we die from.   There’s nobody here I can love, all the people I could love are dead or elsewhere†(page?).   **Are these words spoken by Offred? **   Offred also had the choice of free will before her civilization changed, but then slowly women began to lose all of their rights and were no longer allowed to have jobs or even to use money. â€Å"Sorry, he said. This number is not valid.†Ã‚   â€Å"That’s ridiculous,   I said.   It must be, I’ve got thousands in my account.†Ã‚   â€Å"It’s not valid, he repeated obstinately.   See that red light?   Means it’s not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   valid,†(p.

Put myself in my shoes Essay

â€Å"Put Yourself in My Shoes† is one of the longest and most complex stories in the collection, and one of its finest. In addition, it brings together a number of the themes and images that have recurred throughout the book. For example, it depicts the kind of interaction between two couples that we have seen in â€Å"Neighbors† and â€Å"What’s in Alaska?†; in this case, the Myerses go to visit the Morgans, whose house they had lived in for a year while Professor Morgan and his wife were in Germany, but whom they have not seen since. Furthermore, the issue of empathy that surfaced in â€Å"Fat,† â€Å"Neighbors,† and â€Å"The Idea,† the ability to visualize oneself in another’s perspective, is so central here that in becomes the title of the story. What is different about this story, however, is its self-consciousness, its concentration on the role of the writer. In many ways, â€Å"Put Yourself in My Shoes† can be se en as Carver’s comment on his own career, on storytelling itself. Myers is a writer, although he hasn’t sold anything yet and is currently not writing. He has quit his job to pursue his muse, but with little success. As the story opens he is depressed, † between stories and [feeling] despicable†, when his wife calls to invite him to the office Christmas party. But he doesn’t want to go, mainly because the textbook publishing company where she works is also his former place of employment. Like Marston in â€Å"What Do You Do in San Francisco?† Myers is feeling the guilt of the unemployed, which is intensified by the fact that he moves in a much more upscale setting that is typical of Carver’s protagonists. Myers is also reluctant to pay a holiday call on the Morgan, although his wife, Paula, finally convinces him to go. The meeting does turn out to be quite an uncomfortable occasion, however. As they approach the house, Myers narrowly avoids being attacked by the Morgans’ dog. Shortly thereafter, follow ing a seemingly inoffensive discussion of writing, the Morgans themselves more directly attack him. Edgar Morgan, from the beginning of their encounter seems to be acting â€Å"odd† and on edge for some unknown reason. When Paula asserts that her husband â€Å"writes something almost every day†, Edgar confronts him on the point. â€Å"Is that a fact?† Morgan said. â€Å"That’s impressive. What did you write today, may I ask?† Myers can only respond † Nothing†, an answer that places him on an existential precipice. The  response inevitably leads to questions about his identity, for what is a writer who doesn’t write? Edgar Morgan then proceeds to tell a story to test what Myers’s imagination can do with some facts. The story is about a university professor that has had and affair with one of his students. He asks his wife for a divorce, and she throws him out of the house. While leaving, he is hit with a can of tomato soup thrown by his son, and his is now in the hospital in serious condition, Myers finds the story quite amusing while Paula and Hilda Morgan are disgusted. Edgar tells Myers that a writer could look at this from the husband’s point of view and get quite a story; Hilda says that the same is true of looking at the story from the wife’s point of view, and Paula speaks up for the son’s point of view. Edgar then tops them all by asserting: â€Å"But here’s something I don’t think any of you has thought about. Think about this for a moment. Mr. Myers are you listening? Tell me what you think of this. Put yourself in the shoes of that eighteen-year-old coed who fell in love with a married man. Think about her for a moment, and then you see the possibilities for your story.† Hilda responds that she has no sympathy for the girl at all or for the professor, but only for the wife and child. Myers apparently has no sympathy for any of the people involved, he can only see the black humor of the entire situation. This lack of empathy again calls into question the appropriateness of his vocation as a writer. Hilda Morgan later narrates another story, that of Mrs. Attenborough, an Australian woman who had collapsed and died while visiting them in their home in Germany. Hilda had left her purse (containing ID cards, a check, and some cash) in a museum, where Mrs. Atttenborough had found it, minus the cash; she has taken an taxi to the Morgnas’ house to return it, but fell ill there. While the woman was lying unconscious, Hilda went through her purse in search of identification, only to find the missing money. When Hilda tells that â€Å" Fate sent her to die on the couch in our living room in Germany†, Myers cannot restrain his laughter. As Myers continues to giggle, Morgan pounces on him: â€Å"If you were a real writer, as you say you are, Mr. Myers, you would not laugh†¦ You would not dare laugh! You would try to understand. You would plumb the depths of that poor soul’s heart and try to understand, but you are no writer, sir!† Once again, though, the motivation  of Morgan’s attack is unclear, to Meyers and to the reader. At the point the Morgans move in for the kill, however, and the reader soon discovers the true reason for many of their strange actions. From the beginning they have appeared to conceal hatred toward the Myerses, as indicated by the way in which Edgar plays the gracious host but curses and throws things in the kitchen, and he now begins to explain the root of their resentment by telling another story. Saying † Consider this for a possibility, Mr. Myers!†, Morgan tells of a couple, Mr. and Mrs. Y who go to Germany for a year and lease their apartment to Mr. and Mrs. Z, a couple whom they do not know. Mr. and Mrs. Z violate the terms of the lease in several ways, such as bringing in a cat and using stored materials. The reader quickly realizes that this is the story of the Morgans and the Myerses, and that the Morgans’ anger over these violations accounts for the tension that Myers has been feeling throughout the evening. Myers in now forced to put himself into the other person’s shoes, and he does not see much to admire when he looks at himself from that perspective. Edgar Morgan, enraged and delirious about the invasion of Mr. and Mrs. Y’s privacy by the tenants explains, † that’s the real story, Mr. Myers†. Once again, however, Myers’s only outward response to the story is to laugh. Paula seems to disregard the meaning of the story entirely-as they drive away she remarks that † Those people are crazy†-but Myers shows himself to have been more deeply affected. The story’s final lines show us a man who looks like a deer caught in deadlights: â€Å"He did not answer. Her voice seemed to come to him from a great distance. He kept driving. Snow rushed at the windshield. He was silent and watched the road. He was at the very end of a story†. â€Å"Put Yourself in My Shoes† seems as Carver’s way of commenting on his own writing. Raymond Carver seems quite concerned, for example, about the voyeuristic mature of the writer’s craft, which, after all involves putting oneself in another’s shoes to report on life from that angle. Carver also acknowledges his tendency to see the black humor in a story, his tendency to laugh at tragedy, another reason some criticize him. In any event, the change that Myers experiences at the end of the story may be indicative of a change in Carver’s writing as well, an increased attempt to see the story  from all sides and evaluate the difficulty of interrelationships.

Eco- Resort

Hotel and Resort Management Assignment Diploma Fall 2012 Title:Growing trend: Eco-resorts Tutor:Mr. Hailstones From:Katy Hui Man Ying Course:Diploma 2 Submission Date:Week 15 Word count:1,553 Table of Contents Introduction3 Criteria of Eco-resorts4 – 6 Benefits of Eco-resorts6 – 7 Considerations on Eco-resorts7 – 8 Conclusion8 References9 – 10 Introduction There are researches done by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2005) indicate that, from 1994 to 2004, the international economic sector of tourism industry has grown by 25%, contributing to 10. % of the world’s total GDP. To aid the growth of tourism, the UNEP, connected with the World Tourism Organisation, has released the report titled Making Tourism More Sustainable: A Guide for Policy Makers. The report emphasizes the importance of tourism hoteliers to make efficient effort to maintain the environmental sustainability. According to World Wildlife Fund (2010), eco-resorts are †Å"types of resorts in which eco-efficiency measures are adopted throughout the lifecycle of the building, ranging from orientation, design, operation and maintenance†.Dowling (2000) also defines the eco-resort, quoted as followings: â€Å"An eco-resort is a self-contained, upmarket, nature-based accommodation facility. It is characterised by environmentally sensitive design, development and management which minimizes its adverse impact on the environment, particularly in the areas of energy and waste management, water conservation and purchasing. † (Dowling 2000: 165). To summarise the above, eco-resorts are not just focusing on the operation process, but from the concept design until the sustainability of the on-going policies.This paper is going to explore the principles of eco-resorts, also analysing the benefits and the disadvantages of eco-resorts. Criteria of eco-resorts The Sharetime Magazine (2011) suggests that eco-resorts include the theme of re-use, re-cycle and reduce. As mentioned before, in order to claim that is an eco-resort, there are several criteria to be covered. Environmental factors should be considered during the design stages of the resort. Murphy (2008) suggested that the landscape features need to be appealing to guests and efficient to operate.Bohdanowicz (2003) pointed out that resorts are built â€Å"to provide comfort and services twenty-four hours a day, year round†. This shows that the consumption of the resorts is massive and non-stop. Green-orientated landscape features can be added during the design stages in order to carry out the green policies in the operations. One of the most significant examples of green-orientated landscape is the green roof. According to the EPA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012), a green roof is a ‘vegetative layer grown on a rooftop’.The green roof helps cool down the temperature in the area through evapotranspiration. During the process of eva potranspiration, water from the rooftop soil is absorbed and enters the plants in the transpiration process. The water is then evaporated by the sun through evaporation (Wark, 2010). The other main benefit from implementing a green roof is that the air quality will be improved by a green roof (Martin, 2008). It works as a natural air-cleaner as green plants absorb carbon dioxide, the most common automobile emission, and release oxygen.In addition, as resorts are massive in energy consumption, it is efficient and beneficial to design a building-integrated photovoltaic. The building-integrated photovoltaic is solar electricity systems which are built into a building, instead of added on a building later (Gold Coast Energy, 2012). Solar energy is known as one of the most effective renewable energy source. The research carried out by Roisin (2012) points out that the amount of incident solar energy on earth each year equals to 1500 times the world’s annual energy use.Apart from t he green-orientated landscape features, there are small designs that can input in the design of the resorts. For example, the resorts can design to use energy saving light bulbs such as LED light bulbs to minimise the energy consumption (Eartheasy. com, 2012). Another idea is to create policies that aim at being eco-friendly. In the aspect of transportation, electric cars can be used within the resort area, to minimise the exhaust emission (Dissabandara, 2010). In the aspect of technology, nowadays the Key Activated system is common in most of the resorts (Entergize, 2012).The system is designed to reduce the energy consumption to minimum level in the resorts while the room is unoccupied. It automatically detects the room status and switches the energy on and off. This reduces the unnecessary waste of energy cost by the guests. In the aspect of daily operations, there are several ways to be ‘green’. The re-use towels policy based on guest request helps save energy and w ater for washing laundry. According to the Pacific Institute (2011), toilet flush volumes in the resort have declined significantly in the past 25 years, decreasing from 6 gallon per flush in 1980s to the new volume 1. gallon per flush in 2001. In addition to that, the older showerheads have flow rates of an average rate of 5 gallon per minute and 3. 5 gallon per minute average flow for the new ones (Vickers, 2001). The above changes in the resort accommodation greatly help minimising the consumption level of water within a resort. Recycle of wastes can also be carried out to ensure the environmental footprint of the resorts to be minimised. In order to help the customers define the eco-resorts, there is a third-party certification program, which is known as LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.According to LEED official website (2012), it is a nationally accepted organisation for design, operation and construction of high performance green buildings. With the LEED ce rtification, the resorts can thus claim themselves an ‘eco-resort’. Benefits of eco-resort To introduce, the sustainability of both the business and the neighbourhood environment has become two important focuses in the recent years. Firstly, in the point of view of the resort owners, the eco-friendly concept can attract target market group which has awareness to the environment aspect.Eco-resorts provide a positive impression to the public, which is also a major selling point for marketing. LEED certified resorts can request a higher rental rates than the non-certified resorts (LEED, 2012). Secondly, standing in the position of a consumer, eco-resorts can be attractive to who is paying attention to environmental protection. They can enjoy themselves in the resorts without worrying about massive damages to the environment. Thirdly, looking on the environmental side, eco-resorts, for sure, is an absolute benefit to the environmental protection.It is not just about the pre sent effort, but also raising public awareness to environmental protection (Eco Green Hotel, 2008). Considerations in eco-resorts It is no doubt that going green for a resort is a contemporary develop trend and an absolute benefit to resort management. However, there are some constraints that needed to take in consideration during planning. First of all, focusing on the staff management, for sure that the staffs working in a green resort should maintain the green policies carried out. The staffs need to be well-trained and willing to input effort into helping the resort to be ‘green’ (Townsend, 2011).Individuals that are believed in environmental protection will be willing to do more work for the environment. This is one of the motivations to the organisation as keeping the resort ‘green’ is a complex responsibility. Another point is at the financial side, the construction cost and maintenance fee of the building-integrated photovoltaic is higher than tradi tional electricity system (Sutherland, 2008). The hoteliers need to consider whether the cost is worth spending to operate an eco-resort. In addition to that, consumer behaviour is one factor which is not controllable.Even if the resort is encouraging customers to save energy and reduce wastes, they may still produce a lot of wastage throughout their stay. For example they may flush the toilet a few more times due to the fact that the decrease in the volume per flush. Therefore, it is an uncertain input to the resort. The resort can encourage the customers to be environmental friendly through marketing campaigns. Conclusion To summarise the above, it is a win-win strategy for both the business and the neighbourhood environment to go ‘green’ as long as they are able to set up an effective plan successfully.It is not just about recycling, but a complex concept with different considerations. Designs, operation policies, financial aspect, human resources and customersâ€⠄¢ behaviour are the major elements that are included in an eco-resort. They need to be linked and corporate with each other in order to set up a successful eco-resort. People nowadays pay more and more attention in environmental protection, sustainability is a growing concern to all industries. It is a trend for the hospitality to go green, as a small step of the resort can bring huge improvement to the environment.According to Murphy (2008), the resort should have a long-term vision and goals that matches sustainable objectives development strategy. Resorts should try to minimise the ecological footprint, which has been proposed to be ‘accounting tool that enables us to estimate the resource consumption and waste assimilation requirements of a defined human population (resort) in terms of a corresponding productive land area’ (Wackernagel and Rees, 1996). References Dissabandara, R. (2010). International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment. Eco Friendly Resort For Tourism: A Case Study at Ulagalla Resort.Dowling, R. K (2000). Ecoresort. In  Jafari, J. (editor). Encyclopedia of tourism. Routledge,  London; 2000. pp. 165. Eco green Hotel. com. (2012). Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hotel. Available from: http://www. ecogreenhotel. com [Accessed 20 November 2012] Entergize. (2012). Patented Entergize Key Card Technology. Available from: http://www. entergize. com [Accessed 17 November 2012] EPA. (2012). United States Environmental Protection Agency: Green roofs. Available from: http://www. epa. gov [Accessed 15 November 2012] Gold Coast Energy. (2012). What is Building Integrated Photovoltaics.Available from: http://www. goldcoastenergy. com. au [Accessed 19 November 2012] LEED. (2012). Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design: What is LEED. Available from: http://www. leed. net [Accessed 12 November 2012] Murphy,P. (2008). The Business of Resort Management. New York: Routledge. Pacific Institute. (2011). Hidden Oasis: Water Conservation and Efficiency in Las Vegas. Calculation of Potential Water Savings at Resorts and Casinos. Radcliff, M. (2012). Ways to stop pollution. Available from: http://greenliving. lovetoknow. com [Accessed 11 November 2012] Roisin, B. (2012). Sustainable Design: Solar energy.Available from: http://engineering . dartmouth. edu [Accessed 17 November 2012] Sutherland, L. J. (2008). Solar Energy Advantages Disadvantages: Solar Energy Problem Solved. Available from: http://ezinearticles. com [Accessed 20 November 2012] TATOC. (2011). Sharetime: Green resorts – how TATOC resorts are tackling environmental issues, 5. Available from: http://www. sharetimemagazine. com/ [Accessed 11 November 2012] Townsend, A. (2011). Malta Green Hotels Guide. Available from: http://www. projectgaia. org [Accessed 20 November 2012] UNESCAP. (2012). Fact sheet: Eco-resorts and hotels.Available from: http://www. unescap. org [Accessed 13 November 2012] United Nations Environment Program and World Tourism Organization. (2005). Making tourism more sustainable: a guide for policy makers. Madrid: UNEP and WTO. Vickers, A. (2001). Handbook of Water Use and Conservation. Waterplow Press: Amherst, Massachusetts. Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. E. (1997). Resort Development Handbook. Washington D. C. : Urban Land Institute. Wark, C. (2010). Cooler than Cool Roofs: How Heat Doesn’t move through a Green Roof, Part 2 Evapotranspiration. Available from: http://www. greenroofs. com [Accessed 19 November 2012]

Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling

Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling, born in Bombay, India, on December 30, 1865, made a significant contribution to English Literature in various genres including poetry, short story and novel. His birth took place in an affluent family with his father holding the post of Professor of Architectural Sculpture at the Bombay School of Art and his mother coming from a family of accomplished women. He spent his early childhood in India where an "aya" took care of him and where under her influence he came in direct contact with the Indian culture and traditions. His parents decided to send him to England for education and so at the young age of five he started living in England with Madam Rosa, the landlady of the lodge he lived in, where for the next six years he lived a life of misery due to the mistreatment - beatings and general victimization - he faced there. Due to this sudden change in environment and the evil treatment he received, he suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life. This played an im portant part in his literary imagination. His parents removed him from the Calvinistic foster home and placed him in a private school at the age of twelve. The English schoolboy code of honor and duty affected his views in later life, especially when it involved loyalty to a group or a team. Returning to India in 1882 he worked as a newspaper reporter and a part-time writer and this helped him to gain a rich experience of colonial life which he later presented in his stories and poems. In 1886 he published his first volume of poetry, "Departmental Ditties" and between 1887 and 1889 he published six volumes of short stories set in and concerned with the India he had come to know and love so well. When he returned to England he found himself already recognized and acclaimed as a brilliant writer. Over the immediately following years he published some of his best works including his most acclaimed poem "Recessional" and most famed novel "... Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling "If" ,written as a pendant to the story "Brothers Square-Toes," in Rewards and Fairies, deals with the misunderstandings and public pressures that confront statesmen, the ability to master of one’s dreams and thoughts and the capacity to take triumphs and loses in the stride without complaining (Henn, T.R.). This poem offers certain moral propositions - courage, reticent stoicism and supreme value of work (Henn, T.R.). Describing a person’s ability to resist one’s emotions even when a "loving [friend]" perpetrates an atrocity, as a virtue gives an ironical meaning to "loving friends" and suggests a quality of friendship less than the generally desired level, proves as the one flaw that plagues this poem (Henn, T.R.). This flaw offsets itself by the poem’s ability to relate to the moral values of plain-folks. By studying the variety of his poetry which included hymns and ballads we can see the diversity of his works and his greatness lies in the fact that he received recognition for not just one but various types of poetry. Variety in poetry also reflects the innate capabilities of a poet and the development in an authors poetic abilities over time. Right through his life Kipling experimented with various forms of poetry. Starting of with brief witty verses he went on to create some of the most memorable poems in English Literature. This reflects the improvement in poetic skills that he underwent throughout his career. Among these poetic skills, brilliant and rhetorical verse and power, originality and sincerity form the corner stone of his works. His capability to combine strength and exactness without sacrificing one for the other amazes critics even today. Kipling displays his real strength in fluency of rhyme, control of rhythm, and an intense awareness of the dramatic possibilities o f different patterns (Henn, T.R.). His innate ability to reach the literary class who reads for style, the average reader who reads for amuseme... Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling, born in Bombay, India, on December 30, 1865, made a significant contribution to English Literature in various genres including poetry, short story and novel. His birth took place in an affluent family with his father holding the post of Professor of Architectural Sculpture at the Bombay School of Art and his mother coming from a family of accomplished women. He spent his early childhood in India where an "aya" took care of him and where under her influence he came in direct contact with the Indian culture and traditions. His parents decided to send him to England for education and so at the young age of five he started living in England with Madam Rosa, the landlady of the lodge he lived in, where for the next six years he lived a life of misery due to the mistreatment - beatings and general victimization - he faced there. Due to this sudden change in environment and the evil treatment he received, he suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life. This played an im portant part in his literary imagination. His parents removed him from the Calvinistic foster home and placed him in a private school at the age of twelve. The English schoolboy code of honor and duty affected his views in later life, especially when it involved loyalty to a group or a team. Returning to India in 1882 he worked as a newspaper reporter and a part-time writer and this helped him to gain a rich experience of colonial life which he later presented in his stories and poems. In 1886 he published his first volume of poetry, "Departmental Ditties" and between 1887 and 1889 he published six volumes of short stories set in and concerned with the India he had come to know and love so well. When he returned to England he found himself already recognized and acclaimed as a brilliant writer. Over the immediately following years he published some of his best works including his most acclaimed poem "Recessional" and most famed novel "...